---
title: Select column
---
import Aside from "@components/Aside.astro"
import AutoScreenshot from "@components/AutoScreenshot.astro"
import UtilityInjection from "@components/UtilityInjection.astro"

## Introduction

The select column allows you to render a select field inside the table, which can be used to update that database record without needing to open a new page or a modal.

You must pass options to the column:

```php
use Filament\Tables\Columns\SelectColumn;

SelectColumn::make('status')
    ->options([
        'draft' => 'Draft',
        'reviewing' => 'Reviewing',
        'published' => 'Published',
    ])
```

<AutoScreenshot name="tables/columns/select/simple" alt="Select column" version="5.x" />

## Enabling the JavaScript select

By default, Filament uses the native HTML5 select. You may enable a more customizable JavaScript select using the `native(false)` method:

```php
use Filament\Tables\Columns\SelectColumn;

SelectColumn::make('status')
    ->options([
        'draft' => 'Draft',
        'reviewing' => 'Reviewing',
        'published' => 'Published',
    ])
    ->native(false)
```

<UtilityInjection set="tableColumns" version="5.x">As well as allowing a static value, the `native()` method also accepts a function to dynamically calculate it. You can inject various utilities into the function as parameters.</UtilityInjection>

<AutoScreenshot name="tables/columns/select/javascript" alt="Table with JavaScript select column" version="5.x" />

## Searching options

You may enable a search input to allow easier access to many options, using the `searchableOptions()` method:

```php
use Filament\Tables\Columns\SelectColumn;

SelectColumn::make('author_id')
    ->label('Author')
    ->options(User::query()->pluck('name', 'id'))
    ->searchableOptions()
```

Optionally, you may pass a boolean value to control if the input should be searchable or not:

```php
use Filament\Tables\Columns\SelectColumn;

SelectColumn::make('author_id')
    ->label('Author')
    ->options(User::query()->pluck('name', 'id'))
    ->searchableOptions(FeatureFlag::active())
```

<UtilityInjection set="tableColumns" version="5.x">As well as allowing a static value, the `searchableOptions()` method also accepts a function to dynamically calculate it. You can inject various utilities into the function as parameters.</UtilityInjection>

### Returning custom search results

If you have lots of options and want to populate them based on a database search or other external data source, you can use the `getOptionsSearchResultsUsing()` and `getOptionLabelUsing()` methods instead of `options()`.

The `getOptionsSearchResultsUsing()` method accepts a callback that returns search results in `$key => $value` format. The current user's search is available as `$search`, and you should use that to filter your results.

The `getOptionLabelUsing()` method accepts a callback that transforms the selected option `$value` into a label. This is used when the form is first loaded when the user has not made a search yet. Otherwise, the label used to display the currently selected option would not be available.

Both `getOptionsSearchResultsUsing()` and `getOptionLabelUsing()` must be used on the select if you want to provide custom search results:

```php
use Filament\Tables\Columns\SelectColumn;

SelectColumn::make('author_id')
    ->searchableOptions()
    ->getOptionsSearchResultsUsing(fn (string $search): array => User::query()
        ->where('name', 'like', "%{$search}%")
        ->limit(50)
        ->pluck('name', 'id')
        ->all())
    ->getOptionLabelUsing(fn ($value): ?string => User::find($value)?->name),
```

`getOptionLabelUsing()` is crucial, since it provides Filament with the label of the selected option, so it doesn't need to execute a full search to find it. If an option is not valid, it should return `null`.

<UtilityInjection set="tableColumns" version="5.x" extras="Option value;;mixed;;$value;;The option value to retrieve the label for.||Search;;?string;;$search;;[<code>getOptionsSearchResultsUsing()</code> only] The current search input value, if the field is searchable.">You can inject various utilities into these functions as parameters.</UtilityInjection>

### Setting a custom loading message

When you're using a searchable select or multi-select, you may want to display a custom message while the options are loading. You can do this using the `optionsLoadingMessage()` method:

```php
use Filament\Tables\Columns\SelectColumn;

SelectColumn::make('author_id')
    ->optionsRelationship(name: 'author', titleAttribute: 'name')
    ->searchableOptions()
    ->optionsLoadingMessage('Loading authors...')
```

<UtilityInjection set="tableColumns" version="5.x">As well as allowing a static value, the `optionsLoadingMessage()` method also accepts a function to dynamically calculate it. You can inject various utilities into the function as parameters.</UtilityInjection>

### Setting a custom no search results message

When you're using a searchable select or multi-select, you may want to display a custom message when no search results are found. You can do this using the `noOptionsSearchResultsMessage()` method:

```php
use Filament\Tables\Columns\SelectColumn;

SelectColumn::make('author_id')
    ->optionsRelationship(name: 'author', titleAttribute: 'name')
    ->searchableOptions()
    ->noOptionsSearchResultsMessage('No authors found.')
```

<UtilityInjection set="tableColumns" version="5.x">As well as allowing a static value, the `noOptionsSearchResultsMessage()` method also accepts a function to dynamically calculate it. You can inject various utilities into the function as parameters.</UtilityInjection>

### Setting a custom search prompt

When you're using a searchable select or multi-select, you may want to display a custom message when the user has not yet entered a search term. You can do this using the `optionsSearchPrompt()` method:

```php
use Filament\Tables\Columns\SelectColumn;

SelectColumn::make('author_id')
    ->optionsRelationship(name: 'author', titleAttribute: 'name')
    ->searchableOptions(['name', 'email'])
    ->optionsSearchPrompt('Search authors by their name or email address')
```

<UtilityInjection set="tableColumns" version="5.x">As well as allowing a static value, the `optionsSearchPrompt()` method also accepts a function to dynamically calculate it. You can inject various utilities into the function as parameters.</UtilityInjection>

### Setting a custom searching message

When you're using a searchable select or multi-select, you may want to display a custom message while the search results are being loaded. You can do this using the `optionsSearchingMessage()` method:

```php
use Filament\Tables\Columns\SelectColumn;

SelectColumn::make('author_id')
    ->optionsRelationship(name: 'author', titleAttribute: 'name')
    ->searchableOptions()
    ->optionsSearchingMessage('Searching authors...')
```

<UtilityInjection set="tableColumns" version="5.x">As well as allowing a static value, the `optionsSearchingMessage()` method also accepts a function to dynamically calculate it. You can inject various utilities into the function as parameters.</UtilityInjection>

### Tweaking the search debounce

By default, Filament will wait 1000 milliseconds (1 second) before searching for options when the user types in a searchable select or multi-select. It will also wait 1000 milliseconds between searches, if the user is continuously typing into the search input. You can change this using the `optionsSearchDebounce()` method:

```php
use Filament\Tables\Columns\SelectColumn;

SelectColumn::make('author_id')
    ->optionsRelationship(name: 'author', titleAttribute: 'name')
    ->searchableOptions()
    ->optionsSearchDebounce(500)
```

Ensure that you are not lowering the debounce too much, as this may cause the select to become slow and unresponsive due to a high number of network requests to retrieve options from server.

<UtilityInjection set="tableColumns" version="5.x">As well as allowing a static value, the `optionsSearchDebounce()` method also accepts a function to dynamically calculate it. You can inject various utilities into the function as parameters.</UtilityInjection>

## Integrating with an Eloquent relationship

You may employ the `optionsRelationship()` method of the `SelectColumn` to configure a `BelongsTo` relationship to automatically retrieve options from. The `titleAttribute` is the name of a column that will be used to generate a label for each option:

```php
use Filament\Tables\Columns\SelectColumn;

SelectColumn::make('author_id')
    ->optionsRelationship(name: 'author', titleAttribute: 'name')
```

### Searching relationship options across multiple columns

By default, if the select is also searchable, Filament will return search results for the relationship based on the title column of the relationship. If you'd like to search across multiple columns, you can pass an array of columns to the `searchableOptions()` method:

```php
use Filament\Tables\Columns\SelectColumn;

SelectColumn::make('author_id')
    ->optionsRelationship(name: 'author', titleAttribute: 'name')
    ->searchableOptions(['name', 'email'])
```

### Preloading relationship options

If you'd like to populate the searchable options from the database when the page is loaded, instead of when the user searches, you can use the `preloadOptions()` method:

```php
use Filament\Tables\Columns\SelectColumn;

SelectColumn::make('author_id')
    ->optionsRelationship(name: 'author', titleAttribute: 'name')
    ->searchableOptions()
    ->preloadOptions()
```

Optionally, you may pass a boolean value to control if the input should be preloaded or not:

```php
use Filament\Tables\Columns\SelectColumn;

SelectColumn::make('author_id')
    ->optionsRelationship(name: 'author', titleAttribute: 'name')
    ->searchableOptions()
    ->preloadOptions(FeatureFlag::active())
```

<UtilityInjection set="tableColumns" version="5.x">As well as allowing a static value, the `preloadOptions()` method also accepts a function to dynamically calculate it. You can inject various utilities into the function as parameters.</UtilityInjection>

### Excluding the current record

When working with recursive relationships, you will likely want to remove the current record from the set of results.

This can be easily be done using the `ignoreRecord` argument:

```php
use Filament\Tables\Columns\SelectColumn;

SelectColumn::make('parent_id')
    ->optionsRelationship(name: 'parent', titleAttribute: 'name', ignoreRecord: true)
```

### Customizing the relationship query

You may customize the database query that retrieves options using the third parameter of the `optionsRelationship()` method:

```php
use Filament\Tables\Columns\SelectColumn;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;

SelectColumn::make('author_id')
    ->optionsRelationship(
        name: 'author',
        titleAttribute: 'name',
        modifyQueryUsing: fn (Builder $query) => $query->withTrashed(),
    )
```

<UtilityInjection set="tableColumns" version="5.x" extras="Query;;Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;;$query;;The Eloquent query builder to modify.||Search;;?string;;$search;;The current search input value, if the field is searchable.">The `modifyQueryUsing` argument can inject various utilities into the function as parameters.</UtilityInjection>

### Customizing the relationship option labels

If you'd like to customize the label of each option, maybe to be more descriptive, or to concatenate a first and last name, you could use a virtual column in your database migration:

```php
$table->string('full_name')->virtualAs('concat(first_name, \' \', last_name)');
```

```php
use Filament\Tables\Columns\SelectColumn;

SelectColumn::make('author_id')
    ->optionsRelationship(name: 'author', titleAttribute: 'full_name')
```

Alternatively, you can use the `getOptionLabelFromRecordUsing()` method to transform an option's Eloquent model into a label:

```php
use Filament\Tables\Columns\SelectColumn;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

SelectColumn::make('author_id')
    ->optionsRelationship(
        name: 'author',
        modifyQueryUsing: fn (Builder $query) => $query->orderBy('first_name')->orderBy('last_name'),
    )
    ->getOptionLabelFromRecordUsing(fn (Model $record) => "{$record->first_name} {$record->last_name}")
    ->searchableOptions(['first_name', 'last_name'])
```

<UtilityInjection set="tableColumns" version="5.x" extras="Eloquent record;;Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;;$record;;The Eloquent record to get the option label for.">The `getOptionLabelFromRecordUsing()` method can inject various utilities into the function as parameters.</UtilityInjection>

### Remembering options

By default, when using `optionsRelationship()`, Filament will remember the options for the duration of the table page to improve performance. This means that the options function will only run once per table page instead of once per cell. You can disable this behavior using the `rememberOptions(false)` method:

```php
use Filament\Tables\Columns\SelectColumn;

SelectColumn::make('author_id')
    ->optionsRelationship(name: 'author', titleAttribute: 'name')
    ->rememberOptions(false)
```

<Aside variant="warning">
    When options are remembered, any record-specific options or disabled options will not work correctly, as the same options will be used for all records in the table. If you need record-specific options or disabled options, you should disable option remembering.
</Aside>

<UtilityInjection set="tableColumns" version="5.x">As well as allowing a static value, the `rememberOptions()` method also accepts a function to dynamically calculate it. You can inject various utilities into the function as parameters.</UtilityInjection>

## Allowing HTML in the option labels

By default, Filament will escape any HTML in the option labels. If you'd like to allow HTML, you can use the `allowOptionsHtml()` method:

```php
use Filament\Tables\Columns\SelectColumn;

SelectColumn::make('technology')
    ->options([
        'tailwind' => '<span class="text-blue-500">Tailwind</span>',
        'alpine' => '<span class="text-green-500">Alpine</span>',
        'laravel' => '<span class="text-red-500">Laravel</span>',
        'livewire' => '<span class="text-pink-500">Livewire</span>',
    ])
    ->searchableOptions()
    ->allowOptionsHtml()
```

<Aside variant="danger">
    Be aware that you will need to ensure that the HTML is safe to render, otherwise your application will be vulnerable to XSS attacks.
</Aside>

Optionally, you may pass a boolean value to control if the input should allow HTML or not:

```php
use Filament\Tables\Columns\SelectColumn;

SelectColumn::make('technology')
    ->options([
        'tailwind' => '<span class="text-blue-500">Tailwind</span>',
        'alpine' => '<span class="text-green-500">Alpine</span>',
        'laravel' => '<span class="text-red-500">Laravel</span>',
        'livewire' => '<span class="text-pink-500">Livewire</span>',
    ])
    ->searchableOptions()
    ->allowOptionsHtml(FeatureFlag::active())
```

<UtilityInjection set="tableColumns" version="5.x">As well as allowing a static value, the `allowOptionsHtml()` method also accepts a function to dynamically calculate it. You can inject various utilities into the function as parameters.</UtilityInjection>

## Wrap or truncate option labels

When using the JavaScript select, labels that exceed the width of the select element will wrap onto multiple lines by default. Alternatively, you may choose to truncate overflowing labels.

```php
use Filament\Tables\Columns\SelectColumn;

SelectColumn::make('truncate')
    ->wrapOptionLabels(false)
```

<UtilityInjection set="tableColumns" version="5.x">As well as allowing a static value, the `wrapOptionLabels()` method also accepts a function to dynamically calculate it. You can inject various utilities into the function as parameters.</UtilityInjection>

## Disable placeholder selection

You can prevent the placeholder (null option) from being selected using the `selectablePlaceholder(false)` method:

```php
use Filament\Tables\Columns\SelectColumn;

SelectColumn::make('status')
    ->options([
        'draft' => 'Draft',
        'reviewing' => 'Reviewing',
        'published' => 'Published',
    ])
    ->selectablePlaceholder(false)
```

<UtilityInjection set="tableColumns" version="5.x">As well as allowing a static value, the `selectablePlaceholder()` method also accepts a function to dynamically calculate it. You can inject various utilities into the function as parameters.</UtilityInjection>

## Disabling specific options

You can disable specific options using the `disableOptionWhen()` method. It accepts a closure, in which you can check if the option with a specific `$value` should be disabled:

```php
use Filament\Tables\Columns\SelectColumn;

SelectColumn::make('status')
    ->options([
        'draft' => 'Draft',
        'reviewing' => 'Reviewing',
        'published' => 'Published',
    ])
    ->default('draft')
    ->disableOptionWhen(fn (string $value): bool => $value === 'published')
```

<UtilityInjection set="tableColumns" version="5.x" extras="Option value;;mixed;;$value;;The value of the option to disable.||Option label;;string | Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Htmlable;;$label;;The label of the option to disable.">You can inject various utilities into the function as parameters.</UtilityInjection>

## Limiting the number of options

You can limit the number of options that are displayed in a searchable select or multi-select using the `optionsLimit()` method. The default is 50:

```php
use Filament\Tables\Columns\SelectColumn;

SelectColumn::make('author_id')
    ->optionsRelationship(name: 'author', titleAttribute: 'name')
    ->searchableOptions()
    ->optionsLimit(20)
```

Ensure that you are not raising the limit too high, as this may cause the select to become slow and unresponsive due to high in-browser memory usage.

<UtilityInjection set="tableColumns" version="5.x">As well as allowing a static value, the `optionsLimit()` method also accepts a function to dynamically calculate it. You can inject various utilities into the function as parameters.</UtilityInjection>

## Validation

You can validate the input by passing any [Laravel validation rules](https://laravel.com/docs/validation#available-validation-rules) in an array:

```php
use Filament\Tables\Columns\SelectColumn;

SelectColumn::make('status')
    ->options([
        'draft' => 'Draft',
        'reviewing' => 'Reviewing',
        'published' => 'Published',
    ])
    ->rules(['required'])
```

### Valid options validation (`in` rule)

The `in` rule ensures that users cannot select an option that is not in the list of options. This is an important rule for data integrity purposes, so Filament applies it by default to all select fields.

Since there are many ways for a select field to populate its options, and in many cases the options are not all loaded into the select by default and require searching to retrieve them, Filament uses the presence of a valid "option label" to determine whether the selected value exists. It also checks if that option is [disabled](#disabling-specific-options) or not.

If you are using a custom search query to retrieve options, you should ensure that the `getOptionLabelUsing()` method is defined, so that Filament can validate the selected value against the available options:

```php
use Filament\Tables\Columns\SelectColumn;

SelectColumn::make('author_id')
    ->searchableOptions()
    ->getOptionsSearchResultsUsing(fn (string $search): array => Author::query()
        ->where('name', 'like', "%{$search}%")
        ->limit(50)
        ->pluck('name', 'id')
        ->all())
    ->getOptionLabelUsing(fn (string $value): ?string => Author::find($value)?->name),
```

The `getOptionLabelUsing()` method should return `null` if the option is not valid, to allow Filament to determine that the selected value is not in the list of options. If the option is valid, it should return the label of the option.

If you are using the `optionsRelationship()` method, the `getOptionLabelUsing()` method will be automatically defined for you, so you don't need to worry about it.

## Lifecycle hooks

Hooks may be used to execute code at various points within the select's lifecycle:

```php
SelectColumn::make()
    ->beforeStateUpdated(function ($record, $state) {
        // Runs before the state is saved to the database.
    })
    ->afterStateUpdated(function ($record, $state) {
        // Runs after the state is saved to the database.
    })
```

## Security

### Authorization

The select column does not automatically check Laravel Model Policies before saving changes. When a user updates a value via the select column, Filament checks whether the column is `disabled()` but does not run any `update` policy gate check. This means that if a user can see a record in the table and the column is not disabled, they can update that column's value regardless of any `update` policy you have defined. If you need to restrict who can edit this column, you should use the `disabled()` method to conditionally prevent editing based on your own authorization logic, for example `disabled(fn ($record) => $record->user_id !== auth()->id())`. Alternatively, consider using a full edit page or modal action where Filament's resource authorization is enforced.
